|  | | Y-DNA test reports typically show a series of markers and their corresponding values. These results are referred to as a "haplotype." For instance, the sequence:
12 15 13 12 29 22 10 11 12 16 11 15 would be called a 12-marker haplotype.
In some ways, DNA marker values are like telephone numbers.
Consider that the same seven-digit telephone number, 428-1040, might appear in both Boston and Miami. However, adding more numbers ("area codes") allows us to distinguish between regions. The same thing is true about DNA results.
If we compare a limited number of DNA markers (for example, 12), then it's possible for two individuals to have the same marker values, yet not be closely related.
Testing for more markers helps avoid this possible ambiguity. In general, the more markers tested, the easier it is to distinguish individuals and family tree branches.
SMGF considers 36 markers to be a sufficient number of Y-chromosome markers for most genealogical research.
The order of Y-DNA markers may vary from one testing company to another, and slight differences in standards can appear confusing.
The SMGF search page allows you to choose between marker order and lab standard. We do the conversion work for you, so you can spend your time searching for new family connections.
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